Medicine, Dentistry or Pharmacy in Europe?

All figures are from the verified catalog on 4 August 2026. Tuition is annual, for the 2026-2027 cycle, and only from programs whose fee is confirmed on an official university page.

Every one of those figures links to its official source on the program's own page. Start in the program explorer or narrow by country in the countries directory.

With 141 verified programs across 21 countries, medicine gives you far more places to apply than dentistry (59 across 16) or pharmacy (71 across 18). That matters more than it sounds. Applying to a country with two programs means two chances; applying across a continent means you can build a list spanning several deadline windows.

Pharmacy's 71 programs look competitive until you notice how they cluster — a large share are UK MPharm courses. Dentistry is the narrowest field of the three, which is one reason dental places are often harder to win.

The two statistics point different ways, and both are true. The single cheapest verified program of any kind is medicine at €2,990 a year (University of Padua, Italy — the all-inclusive contribution it publishes for non-EU students living abroad). But across all verified programs the median dentistry fee (€16,129) is lower than medicine's (€16,968) — a €839 difference each year.

Pharmacy's median of €21,623 is the highest of the three, and that is a composition effect rather than a statement about pharmacy: UK MPharm courses dominate the verified pharmacy set and UK fees are high. Continental pharmacy starts at €3,000, at the University of Kragujevac in Serbia. The cheapest options for each are in cheapest medical schools, cheapest dental schools and cheapest pharmacy schools.

Remember that tuition is only part of it. Use the cost calculator with real housing figures, and read the total cost of medical school in Europe.

Medicine is six years at 100 of 141 programs; dentistry is five at 40 of 59; pharmacy is four in the UK and five on the continent. A single extra year of medicine costs a median €16,968 in tuition plus a year of living costs and a year of delayed earnings.

Set against that, the professions are not interchangeable, so this should rarely be the deciding factor. The detail is in how long is medical school in Europe.

This is the part most people research last and should research first, because it is where the three diverge most.

Medicine. For the United States: ECFMG certification, the USMLE sequence, then the residency Match. For Canada: the Medical Council of Canada's examination route and a match through CaRMS, where international medical graduate positions are limited and vary by province. Note that MCCQE Part II has been discontinued by the MCC.

Dentistry. For the United States the examination is the INBDE, which replaced the former NBDE Part I and Part II, and most states require a degree from a program accredited by the Commission on Dental Accreditation — which in practice means a two- or three-year advanced standing program after your European degree. Canada uses the National Dental Examining Board equivalency route.

Pharmacy. The United States route runs through NABP's Foreign Pharmacy Graduate Equivalency Committee certification and then state registration; Canada's runs through the Pharmacy Examining Board of Canada. Full detail in dentistry licensing and pharmacy licensing.

Medicine has the widest spread of entry routes — from the Italian IMAT and the UK's UCAT to schools that admit on secondary-school science grades alone. Dentistry and pharmacy more often admit on documents and a university-set assessment.

That means the *easiest to enter* and the *cheapest* and the *best recognised* are rarely the same program, and pretending otherwise is how people end up somewhere they regret. See entrance exams explained and schools without an entrance exam.

Pick the profession first, on the work itself — not on price, length or admission odds. Then use those three to choose *where* to do it. Choosing dentistry because it is a year shorter, or pharmacy because a place looked easier to get, is the most expensive mistake in this whole process, because switching later usually means starting over.

Once you have a profession, the seven-step method in how to choose a European medical school narrows the list, and how to verify a school yourself checks whatever you shortlist.